[1.2] [#Bacteriophage] - Firmicutes harbor a significantly higher viral diversity than the other types of bacteria.
[1.3] - #Vitamin D deficiency produces intestinal dysbiosis, with a reduction of bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties (e.g., Firmicutes) and an increase in pathobiontic bacteria (e.g., Bacteroides and Proteobacteria).
[1.4] [#Meat-based diet] - Animal-based regimen decreases the Firmicutes
- Shifting to a #Plant-based diet would increase Firmicutes population
- #Obesity alters the balance of Firmicutes in non-obese individuals to #Bacteroidetes phyla in obese ones.
[1.5] - Another group of bacteria, named “heredipersistent”, appears to be ‘inherited’ within families.
- These bacteria, which include Firmicutes, have a higher turnover rate than tenacious bacteria do. For this reason, re-infecting their human host is crucial for these microbes to persist in a specific individual.
- The heredipersistent bacteria tend to be able to spread through spores, which would help transmission within a family.
[1.7] [#Premature infant] [#Bifidobacteria] - At the phylum level, Firmicutes were the dominant phylum in 95% of all meconium samples (highest abundance observed in the VPT neonates as compared to PT and FT neonates); the second most dominant phylum was Bacteroidetes in 50% of all meconium samples.
[1.8] [#Chronic fatigue syndrome] - MC/CFS > microbiome alterations that were consistent with an increased inflammation of the gut, namely significantly increased #Lactonifactor and #Alistipes
- in particular an increase of #Alistipes and a decrease of butyrate-producer #Faecalibacterium were considered as top biomarkers with potential diagnostic value
- abundance of #Bifidobacterium and #Faecalibacterium to be reduced in the affected twin compared to the non-affected one.
- Decreases in #Faecalibacterium and increases in #Coprobacillus were found.
- Gut abundances of #Coprobacillus, of #Eggerthella and #Blautia were best able to distinguish patients from controls.
- Decreases in #Faecalibacterium and increases in #Coprobacillus were found.
- distinct microbial pattern with decreased anti-inflammatory Firmicutes
[1.12] [#Fecal Microbiota Transplantation] - recipients with higher donor strain engraftment were more likely to experience clinical success after FMT.
- #Bacteroidetes and #Actinobacteria species (including Bifidobacteria) displayed higher engraftment than Firmicutes except for six under-characterized Firmicutes species.
[1.14] [#Parkinson’s Disease] - Firmicutes enrichment as the primary driving force, and depletion of #Prevotella as secondary as it remained significant after removing Firmicutes.
[#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#High-fat diet] - HF diets affect the composition of the gut microbiota limiting SCFAs production.
- It reduces the diversity of bacterial strains and the abundance of #Bacteroidetes, promoting the growth of Firmicutes and #Proteobacteria.
- Animal studies confirmed the rise in pro-inflammatory cytokines and plasma #Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with consequent pro-inflammatory signalling induced by NF-kB.
[1.22] [#Gender] - #Depression > Female patients have a characteristic increase in the phyla #Actinobacteria, male patients have reduced #Bacteroidetes and both genders display disrupted Firmicutes homeostasis and elevated #Collinsella spp. abundance
[1.23] [#Porphyromonas gingivalis] - P. gingivalis infection gives rise to microbiome dysbiosis. It increases serum endotoxin levels, allowing opportunistic pathogens to colonize in the oral cavity and stimulating the overgrowth of commensal microbes in the intestine (generally upregulates #Bacteroidetes and #Deferribacteres, and downregulates Firmicutes)
[#Streptococcus mutans] - oral #Lantibiotics (it has a considerable antimicrobial effect on intestinal gram-positive bacteria) produced by S. mutans decrease the diversity of intestinal microbes and reduce the abundance of Firmicutes
[1.25] - positive emotions were inversely associated with the relative abundance of Firmicutes bacterium CAG 94 and #Ruminococcaceae bacterium D16, while negative emotions were directly correlated with the relative abundance of these same species.
[1.26] [#Ulcerative Colitis] [#Lactobacillus mucosae] - In ulcerative #Colitis, excessive epithelial repair results in lower PPAR-γ synthesis, which reduces beta-oxidation and increases oxygenation of colonocytes. Inflamed mucosae in #Colitis patients are increased in #Proteobacteria, a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria, but decreased in gram-positive Firmicutes. Treatment with PPAR-γ agonist, however, can improve the microbial balance
[1.27] - In acute #Colitis, #Melatonin led to increased clinical, systemic and intestinal inflammatory parameters.
- During remission, continued MLT administration delayed recovery, increased TNF, memory effector lymphocytes and diminished spleen regulatory cells.
- MLT treatment reduced #Bacteroidetes and augmented #Actinobacteria and #Verrucomicrobia phyla in mice feces.
- Microbiota depletion resulted in a remarkable reversion of the #Colitis phenotype after MLT administration, including a counter-regulatory immune response, reduction in TNF and colon macrophages.
- There was a decrease in #Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and, most strikingly, #Verrucomicrobia phylum in recovering mice. Finally, these results pointed to a gut-microbiota-dependent effect of MLT in the potentiation of intestinal inflammation.
[1.28] [#Obesity] - #Broccoli intervention increased the relative abundance of #Bacteroidetes and reduced the relative abundance of Firmicutes.
[1.29] [#Prevotellaceae] - Four taxa were found to be significantly higher in blueberry treatments compared to no blueberry controls, i.e., two Actinobacteriota and listed as uncultured from the order #Coriobacteriales, one from the phylum #Bacteroidota family Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, and one from the Firmicutes family #Anaerovoracaceae XIII_UCG-001.
