Streptococcus ⇒ Lactobacilli {10000318}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Some Lactobacilli > produce SCFAs > induce Tregs to modulate gut immune responses > shape the pulmonary immune environment > influence the severity of allergic inflammation.
• [1.2] [#Iron-deficiency anaemia] [#Iron] 
  - #Consumption of Fe supplements increases > Fe in the large intestine > reducing the amount of lactic acid bacteria (bifidobacteria and lactobacilli) and increasing the entropathogenic Escherichia coli
• [1.3] [#Exercise training] 
  - Exercise increases > increase α-diversity and microbial metabolites such as SCFAs. - Exercise > typically reveal increases in commensal taxa such as #Bifidobacterium, Lactobacilli, and #Akkermansia
• [1.4] 
  - Lactobacilli can reduce #Acne lesions after daily application on the skin
• [1.5] [#Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease] 
  - In Neutrophil-predominant COPD altered #Tryptophan metabolism in airway lactobacilli is associated with reduced #Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which was in turn linked to perturbed host interleukin-22 signalling and epithelial cell apoptosis pathways. - airway microbiome-derived IAA mitigates neutrophilic inflammation, apoptosis, emphysema and lung function decline, via macrophage–epithelial cell cross-talk mediated by interleukin-22. - Intranasal inoculation of two airway lactobacilli restored IAA and recapitulated its protective effects in mice.
• [1.6] 
  - #Anthocyanins promote an increase in beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacilli and #Bifidobacteria, while reducing pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium.
• [1.7] 
  - #GABA is biosynthesized from #Glutamate due to the action of the enzyme #Glutamate decarboxylase, which is found in eukaryotic cells and in a broad spectrum of bacterial species. - LAB and more specifically certain Lactobacilli strains are the most important #GABA producers in the gut.
• [1.8] [#Candida albicans] 
  - strains of #Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and lactobacilli, have been shown to reduce C. albicans colonization of the gut
• [#Candida albicans] - Lactobacilli can produce bacteriocins and hydrogen peroxide, which all contribute to a direct antifungal effect of lactobacilli. - by competing for adhesion sites, lactobacilli reduce adhesion of C. albicans to epithelial surfaces.
• [1.9] [#Ruminococcus] [#Soybean] 
  - diet containing soy protein resulted in increased abundance of Enterococus and decreased abundance of Lactobacilli and Ruminococus in rats
• -RiPPs from lactobacilli have shown to inhibit members of #Staphylococci, #Cutibacterium and #Corynebacterium
• [#Short peptide bacteriocins] - #Lactocillin, a thiopeptide SPB isolated from a vaginal commensal #Lactobacillus was shown to inhibit several pathogens colonising skin or vagina and showed no antimicrobial activity against other lactobacilli species
• [1.11] [#Alzheimer’s disease] [#Olive] 
  - Lactobacilli and #Bifidobacterium are often greatly reduced in patients with AD. - Both of these bacterial types, populations of which are elevated with EVOO consumption, can produce γ-aminobutyric acid (#GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter, likely influencing GABAergic firing in the brain via the enteric and vagal nervous systems.
• [1.12] 
  - #Melatonin administration in animals helped reduce dysbiosis due to #Sleep restriction. - In one of the studies, #Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacilli species were increased in the #Melatonin-treated animals.
• [1.13] [#Escherichia coli] 
  - #Lactic acid bacteria, such as Lactobacilli and #Bifidobacteria, which can enhance the production of mucin in human IECs and cause hinderance for the invasion of enteropathogenic E. coli
• [1.14] 
  - Type 4 CST is characterized by having low levels of lactobacilli and high bacterial diversity. - This type can result in vaginal dysbiosis, which may increase the risk of infections and health complications such as STIs and #Pelvic inflammatory disease. - Not all Type 4 communities are harmful. - Women can be asymptomatic or colonized with protective bacteria such as #Bifidobacterium. - Type 4 is further divided into three subtypes.
• [1.15] 
  - Celiac > microbiota is abundant with pro-inflammatory Gram-negative species, such as #Proteobacteria, Bacterioides, #Prevotella, ecc., while it is poor in probiotic ones, such as #Firmicutes, #Actinobacteria, #Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, and Streptococceae, which have instead a protective rol
• [1.16] [#humanized Galactooligosaccharides] 
  - GOSs can greatly stimulate #Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. #Bifidobacteria in #Infants have shown high incorporation with GOS. Enterobacteria, #Bacteroidetes, and #Firmicutes are also stimulated by GOS, but to a lesser extent than #Bifidobacteria
• [1.17] [#Streptococcus mutans] 
  - Lactobacilli inhibit the proliferation of S. mutans, a bacterium that causes dental #Caries
• [1.18] 
  - treating mice with lactobacilli strains known to produce #AHR ligands such as Lactobacillus reuteri, led to increased #AHR activity in the small intestine and ameliorated intestinal inflammation
• [1.19] [#Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis] 
  - patients with #Obesity and NASH demonstrated an abundance of Lactobacilli, while patients with NASH who were overweight displayed a diminished abundance of #Bifidobacterium. - patients with lean NASH displayed a deficiency in Lactobacillus in comparison to their overweight and obese NASH counterparts.

References Notes