Iron {90000211}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - #Bifidobacteriaceae > binding Fe in the large intestine > limiting the formation of free radicals associated with Fe >reducing the risk of #Colorectal cancer
• [#Iron-deficiency anaemia] - #Consumption of Fe supplements increases > Fe in the large intestine > reducing the amount of lactic acid bacteria (bifidobacteria and #Lactobacilli) and increasing the entropathogenic Escherichia coli
• [#Food Minerals] #Lactobacillus plantarum > Microbial metabolite production, enhanced mucin production and immunomodulation > Increased non-heme dietary Fe absorption.
• [1.2] 
  - Ferroptosis appears to be a major mechanism of white matter injury in #Alzheimer’s disease and vascular #Dementia. - fragments of myelin are themselves rich in iron > degeneration > iron toxicity causing microglial degeneration in the brain > advancing cognitive decline in #Alzheimer’s disease and vascular #Dementia.
• [1.3] [#Crohn’s disease, #Ulcerative Colitis] 
  - in CD, progressive reductions in iron, hemoglobin, and albumin and concomitant increases in CRP, monocytes, and platelets were observed years before a diagnosis was made. - Similar results were observed in UC but for a much shorter time period prior to diagnosis.
• [1.4] 
  - #Helicobacter pylori infection > structural damage in gastric mucosa caused by chronic HP infection could affect the absorption of #Vitamin B12 and iron, a deficit of which is associated with #Dementia.
• [1.5] 
  - genes involved in iron binding and iron-#Sulfur cluster binding were increased in the livers of infected mice, but suppressed by #Nisin treatment
• [1.6] [#Hypothyroidism] 
  - the composition of the gut bacteria affects the uptake and movement of essential minerals such as #Iodine, copper, iron, #Zinc, and #Selenium, along with the required enzyme activity for synthesizing thyroid hormones. The conversion of thyroxine (T4) into active triiodothyronine (T3) or reverse T3 (rT3) heavily relies on iodothyronine-deiodinases. - The intestinal wall exhibits deiodinase activity, which possibly increases the overall amount of T3. - Animal models have demonstrated that individuals deficient in certain microorganisms have a reduced ability to absorb elemental #Iodine through the intestine
• [1.7] 
  - Thyroxine and thyroid function have been shown to be impacted by the gut microbes’ capacity to increase the bioavailability of trace micronutrients such as #Iodine, copper, and iron. - The microbiome change in response to stress may be exacerbating thyroid hormone imbalance perpetuating the change in #Anxiety-like behavior and future studies will examine this bidirectional cross talk.
• [1.8] [#Crohn’s disease] 
  - iron supplementation during the first year of life seems to protect against CD.
• [1.9] [#Cancer] [#Lactobacillus plantarum] [#Polysaccharide] 
  - #Rhamnose-rich polysaccharides (RHP) from a commensal strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum have now been shown to induce iron sequestration by tumor macrophages, thereby limiting tumor growth and promoting antitumor immunity.

References Notes