Disease ⇒ Ulcerative Colitis {40000109}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Plant-based diet] 
  - A positive association between a “high #Sugar and soft drinks” pattern and UC risk - When considering the foods most associated with the pattern, high consumers of #Sugar and soft drinks were at higher UC risk only if they had low vegetables intakes.
• [1.2] 
  - Functional analysis revealed increased fecal proteolytic and elastase activity before UC onset. - Elastase activity inversely correlated with the relative abundance of #Adlercreutzia.
• - Elastase activity directly correlated with known proteolytic taxa, such as ##Bacteroides vulgatus and high elastase activity was confirmed in Bacteroides isolates from fecal samples. - Mice colonized with or born from pre-UC colonized dams developed higher fecal proteolytic activity and an inflammatory immune tone compared with HC colonized mice.
• [1.3] 
  - The safety and tolerability of SER-287 were similar to placebo. - SER-287 after vancomycin was significantly more effective than placebo for induction of remission in patients with active mild to moderate UC.
• [1.4] 
  - Significantly higher abundances of Bifidobacterium in UC.
• [1.5] [#Crohn’s disease] [#High-fiber diet] 
  - Long-term intake of fibers from fruit > protective against the development of CD, but not of UC
• [#Meat-based diet] - Red meat is metabolized by intestinal bacteria with production of branched-chain amino acids and toxic elements like hydrogen sulfide, nitrous compounds, amines, and ammonia that induce DNA damage of eucaryotic cells and promote colon inflammation in murine models. - Large epidemiological data confirmed the association between high consumption of red meat and risk of IBD development, in particular UC , where it was found to affect also the relapse risk.
• [1.6] 
  - Intestinal microbiota in UC is associated with abundant small atypical #N-glycans. - Higher level of microbiota-associated atypical #N-glycans in UC than controls. - Atypical #N-glycans act as promising biomarker candidates for pediatric UC.
• [1.7] [#P-glycoprotein] 
  - in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC), P-gp expression coupled to the reduction of epithelial-derived anti-inflammatory endocannabinoids and luminal content (e.g., microbes or their metabolites) with a reduced capability to induce P-gp expression.
• [1.8] 
• [1.9] [#Crohn’s disease, #Inflamatory bowel disease] [#Western-style diet] 
  - Two commonly used emulsifiers, #Carboxymethylcellulose and #Polysorbate-80 > induce inflammation and metabolic changes, mediated by gut microbes.
• [1.11] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] 
  - the colonic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease > rich genetic diversity of opportunistic #Candida albicans strains. - Among these human-gut-derived isolates, strains with high immune-cell-damaging capacity (HD strains) reflect the disease features of individual patients with ulcerative colitis and aggravated intestinal inflammation in vivo through IL-1β-dependent mechanisms. - Niche-specific inflammatory immunity and interleukin-17A-producing T helper cell (TH17 cell) antifungal responses by HD strains in the gut were dependent on the C. albicans-secreted peptide toxin #Candidalysin during the transition from a benign commensal to a pathobiont state.
• [1.12] [#Anti–Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies] 
  - anti–#Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) have been associated with CD. - ASCA detect S. cerevisiae #Mannan, a cell wall carbohydrate that is common to most fungi. Thus, the specificity of ASCA for Saccharomyces is not clear, since other common fungi, including #Candida albicans, have abundant #Mannan in their cell walls. - Increases in both ASCA IgG and IgA are commonly observed in patients diagnosed with CD. - The ASCA IgA and IgG positive rate is over 50% in patients with CD and less than 5% in patients with non-IBD colitis or healthy controls. - In pediatric patients with CD, ASCA positivity has been associated with older children (>10 years), small bowel disease, and long-term risk of surgery. - In adults, ASCA has been linked to increases in disease severity, location, and age, with ASCA-positive patients more likely to have severe and complicated disease. - A recent study of pediatric patients in Australia noted that ASCA positivity correlated with increases and decreases in several specific bacteria, further suggesting that ASCA may be associated with specific subtypes of disease and that this may be reflected in the microbiome as well. - ASCA IgA was observed to be the most predictive marker of a future diagnosis of CD and was predictive as much as 5 years before diagnosis,
• [1.13] 
  - microorganisms that invade the terminal ileum and colon of UC-affected individuals as the pro-inflammatory bacteria Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Campylobacter, which are both members of the Enterobacteriaceae family
• - during active UC, anti-inflammatory #Lactobacillus and #Pediococcus acidilactici were absent in fecal samples
• [1.14] [#Fecal Microbiota Transplantation] 
  - In ulcerative colitis (UC), patients’ mycobiota revealed that those with high levels of #Candida were more likely to benefit from FMT treatment. - Amelioration of disease was associated with a decrease in #Candida following FMT.
• [1.15] [#Primary bile acids, #Secondary bile acids] 
  - colonic CD displayed a disease-severity-related association with #Bacteroides vulgatus. - Compared to colonic CD, ileal CD profiles displayed increased primary and secondary bile acid levels and concomitant shifts in taxa with noted sensitivities such as #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii or affinities for bile acid-rich environments, including #Gammaproteobacteria and #Blautia sp.
• [1.16] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] [#Bile Acids, #Primary bile acids, #Secondary bile acids] 
  - Reduced BA deconjugation is associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including ulcerative colitis (UC) and #Crohn’s disease (CD), as well as #Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
• [1.17] [#Acute anterior uveitis, #Ankylosing spondylitis, #Crohn’s disease, #HLA-B27-associated disease, #Psoriasis, #Psoriatic Arthritis] 
  - HLA-B27 transgenic rats that develop a spontaneous spondyloarthropathy-like illness do not develop disease when raised in a germ-free environment, but mono-association with #Phocaeicola vulgatus is sufficient to induce disease.
• [1.18] 
• [1.19] [#Colorectal cancer, #Crohn’s disease] [#Bacteriophage, #Western-style diet] 
  - the abundance of a class of crAss-like phages, a group of related viruses that includes some of the most abundant viruses of the human gut, were higher in populations with non-westernized dietary habits - several types of crAss-like phages were present at decreased levels in people with #Rheumatoid Arthritis, #Systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease, and at increased levels in people with colon cancer.
• [1.21] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] 
  - In terms of IBD, #Prevotella is a potential alternative biomarker for UC, tightly matched with feces and other oral areas
• [1.22] [#Lactobacillus mucosae] 
  - In ulcerative #Colitis, excessive epithelial repair results in lower PPAR-γ synthesis, which reduces beta-oxidation and increases oxygenation of colonocytes. Inflamed mucosae in #Colitis patients are increased in #Proteobacteria, a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria, but decreased in gram-positive #Firmicutes. Treatment with PPAR-γ agonist, however, can improve the microbial balance

References Notes