Fecal Microbiota Transplantation {51111224}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Crohn’s disease] [#Escherichia coli] 
  - Comprehensive overview of functional dysbiosis in the gut microbiome during IBD activity showed increases in facultative anaerobes, such as E. coli which correlates with inflammation status, and decreases in obligate anaerobes, such as #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and #Roseburia hominis -The results of the present study confirmed decreases in the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, increases in Enterobacteriaceae, Pasteurellaceae, and Veillonellaceae and the presence of Fusobacterium in stool samples of CD patients. - #Butyrate-producing bacteria are depleted in IBD patients, and probiotic treatment with these bacteria has therapeutic potential. - A higher proportion of #Lachnospiraceae in donor stool was associated with a higher success rate of FMT, and recipients that responded to FMT exhibited increases in #Butyrate-producing #Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. - The reduced SCFA levels in patients with IBD result from lower abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, especially those of the phylum Firmicutes. - #Butyrate can act as an energy source for normal colon epithelial cells, promoting their proliferation, but can also inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis.
• [1.2] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
• [1.3] [#Metabolic syndrome, #Obesity] [#High fibre diet] 
• [1.4] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
• [1.5] 
  - In #Ulcerative Colitis (UC), patients’ mycobiota revealed that those with high levels of #Candida were more likely to benefit from FMT treatment. - Amelioration of disease was associated with a decrease in #Candida following FMT.
• [1.6] 
  - faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from wild-type into #Huntington’s Disease mice positively modulates cognitive outcomes in Huntigton’s Disease model, particularly in females.
• [1.7] [#Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome] 
  - IH-FMT mice exhibited increased aBP and TMAO levels, and impairments in aortic and coronary artery function that were abrogated by #Probiotic administration.
• [1.8] 
  - recipients with higher donor strain engraftment were more likely to experience clinical success after FMT. - #Bacteroidetes and #Actinobacteria species (including Bifidobacteria) displayed higher engraftment than #Firmicutes except for six under-characterized #Firmicutes species.
• [1.9] [#Diabetes Type 2] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Exercise training] 
  - exercise-induced alterations in the gut microbiota correlated closely with improvements in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. - The microbiome of responders exhibited an enhanced capacity for biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids and catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, whereas those of non-responders were characterized by increased production of metabolically detrimental compounds. - Fecal microbial transplantation from responders, but not non-responders, mimicked the effects of exercise on alleviation of insulin resistance in obese mice.
• [#Parkinson’s Disease] - Colonic FMT > improvement and longer maintenance of efficacy compared with nasointestinal. Two patients achieved self-satisfying outcomes that last for more than 24 months. - The score of PSQI, HAMD, HAMA, PDQ-39, NMSQ and UPDRS-III significantly decreased at 1 month after FMT. - The quality of sleep and life improved after FMT treatment. - anxiety and depression were also partially relieved.
• [1.11] [#Exercise training] 
  - #Phocaeicola barnesiae, #Eisenbergiella massiliensis, and #Anaeroplasma abactoclasticum in the gut microbiome as positive contributors to #Muscle strength. - #Ileibacterium valens and #Ethanoligenens harbinense were found to have negative effects on muscle strenght.
• [1.12] [#High Fat Diet] 
  - fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from mice fed an HFD in the presence, but not absence, of dietary #Nitrate appears sufficient to prevent HFD-induced metabolic derangement and cardiac functional changes without increasing serum NOx concentrations.
• [1.13] 
  - children were subjected to a 2-week antibiotic treatment and a bowel cleanse, followed by 2 d of high-dose FMT treatment and 8 weeks of daily maintenance FMT doses. - based on the Childhood #Autism Rating Scale (CARS), significant improvements were achieved after the 10-week course of treatment. - Two months later, the initial gains were largely maintained, and a 2-year follow-up showed signs of further improvement in most of the patients. - increase in #Prevotella sp. over the 2-year span of the study. - increase in #Desulfovibrio piger
• [1.14] [#Irritable bowel syndrome] 
  - Repeated FMT had a greater impact on symptoms and quality of life than a single FMT. - Administrating donor’s transplant to the small intestine had a higher efficacy, and led to long-term colonization of beneficial bacteria than administrating the donor’s transplant to the large intestine.
• [1.15] 
  - rewilding the human gut microbiome – that is, bringing it back to an ancestral or preindustrial state (e.g., by transplanting stool material from donors in nonindustrial societies) – has been hotly debated from medical, ethical, and evolutionary perspectives. - rejuvenating the human gut microbiome by stool banking and autologous fecal microbiota transplantation, that is, collecting the hosts’ stool samples at a younger age when they are at optimal health, and cryopreserving the samples in a stool bank for the hosts’ own future use. - Rewilding the human gut microbiome by transplanting the whole gut microbial community from donors in nonindustrial societies may result in a dramatic mismatch between our industrial environment/lifestyles and the ancestral microbiome.
• [1.16] [#Lipopolysaccharide] 
  - Preclinical studies have verified that subdiaphragmatic #Vagotomy blocked the development of #Depression-like behaviors in rodents after LPS injection or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from Chrna7 knock-out mice with #Depression-like behaviors
• [1.17] [#Autism] 
  - ASD > FMT response significantly reduces the abundance of #Eubacterium coprostanoligenes. - These data also indicated that decrement in the population of #Eubacterium coprostanoligenes by FMT might be a curative technique for ASD symptoms and behaviors.
• [1.18] [#Immune checkpoint inhibitor] 
  - Comparison of pre- and post-FMT stool samples in Immune checkpoint inhibitors patients with complete responses showed significant increases in alpha diversity and increases in the abundances of #Collinsella and #Bifidobacterium, which were depleted in FMT responders before FMT.
• [#immune-mediated Colitis] - FMT from healthy donors as salvage therapy > #ICI therapy patient > 92% achieved IMC clinical remission.
• [1.19] [#Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] [#Branched-chain amino acids] [#Resistant starch] 
  - FMT > transfer of RS-altered microbiota into mice alleviated NAFLD, the colonic levels of BCAAs were also decreased
• [#Alzheimer’s disease] - one of the genera that was increased at Day 59 post Alzheimer’s-FMT compared to Day 10 was #Desulfovibrio, a genus that was also significantly enriched in Alzheimer’s participants.
• [#Alzheimer’s disease] - young adult rats induced by gut microbiota from Alzheimer’s patients are reliant on AHN. Our analysis of AHN in recipient rats revealed that the survival of new neurons and the number of newly born neurons was decreased after Alzheimer’s-FMT, which supports our behavioural observations.
• [#Alzheimer’s disease] - the free amino acid #Taurine was decreased in the hippocampus of Alzheimer’s-FMT rats. - #Taurine administration has repeatedly been shown to increase hippocampal neural stem and progenitor cell proliferation, survival and neurogenesis both in vivo and in vitro.
• [1.21] [#Ulcerative Colitis] 
  - High #Candida abundance was associated with a clinical response in UC patients treated with fecal microbiota transplantation with a decrease in #Candida in those patients who responded.
• [1.22] [#Ulcerative Colitis] [#Ruminococcus gnavus] 
  - in UC patients who underwent fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), the abundance of R. gnavus was found to be higher in donors of failed FMT and decreased after FMT.
• [1.23] [#Crohn’s disease] [#Clostridioides difficile, #Clostridium paraputrificum] 
  - Transferred fecal microbiota from healthy patients and patients with defined Crohn’s ileocolitis (CD_L3) to germ-free mice > a markedly reduced engraftment of CD_L3 microbiome compared to healthy control microbiota. - FMT from CD_L3 patients did not lead to ileitis but resulted in #Colitis with features consistent with CD: a discontinued pattern of #Colitis, more proximal colonic localization, enlarged isolated lymphoid follicles and/or tertiary lymphoid organ neogenesis, and a transcriptomic pattern consistent with epithelial reprograming and promotion of the Paneth cell-like signature in the proximal colon and immune dysregulation characteristic of CD. - The observed inflammatory response associated with persistently increased abundance of #Ruminococcus gnavus, #Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, #Faecalimonas umbilicate, #Blautia hominis, #Clostridium butyricum, and C. paraputrificum and unexpected growth of toxigenic C. difficile.
• [1.24] [#Schizophrenia] 
  - mice transplanted with fecal microbiota of SCZ patients could induce SCZ-like behavior. - mice receiving gut microbiota transfers from patients with SCZ displayed disturbances of transcripts involved in Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, inflammation and immunity-related signaling pathways, which has been strongly associated with SCZ pathology.

References Notes