Bacteroidetes ⇒ Negibacteria {10000142}

References Notes

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.47] [#Covid-19] 
  - Bacteroidetes trigger intestinal immune cells to release interferons. Interferons are key factors that ramp up the body’s response to viruses and help eliminate cells that are infected. - Bacteroidetes have a specific molecule on their cell surface called a #Glycolipid that causes intestinal immune cells to release antiviral interferons.
• [1.51] [#Obesity (Diet induced)] 
  - Obesity alters the balance of Firmicutes in non-obese individuals to Bacteroidetes phyla in obese ones.
• [1.40] [#Diabetes Type 2] [#Niacin] [#Microencapsulated delayed-release Nicotinic Acid] 
  - Gut-targeted delayed-release NA but not NAM produced a significant increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes. - In the absence of systemic side effects, these favorable microbiome changes induced by microencapsulated delayed-release NA were associated with an improvement of biomarkers for systemic insulin sensitivity and metabolic inflammation.
• [1.52] [#High-fat diet] 
  - Bacteroidetes has a substrate preference for certain fats.
• [1.53] [#Obesity] 
  - Bacteroidetes > prevalence is lower in obese people > low-calorie diet > proportion increasealong with weight loss based on a low-calorie diet .
• [1.54] 
  - Low levels of Bacteroidetes phylum > associate with #Obesity and #High fasting glucose > increases following the “good” diet and decreases following the “bad” diet
• [1.42] 
  - #Protein powder consumption > decrease in #Lachnospiraceae, #Roseburia, #Blautia, Synergistales, #Coprococcus, #Lactobacillales, Bacilli, #Bifidobacterium longum and #Firmicutes. - #Protein powder consumption > higher abundance of Bacteroidetes.
• [1.55] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
  - Decrease in Bacteroidetes and #Alloprevotella and increase in #Proteobacteria, #Verrucomicrobia, #Akkermansia, and #Desulfovibrio > improve short-term memory ability and cognitive level of AD mice
• [1.50] 
  - High ceramide levels > associated with insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, liver steatosis, and the formation of lipid rafts. - Some classes of #Ceramides in the blood increase the risk for late-onset #Alzheimer’s disease, as they are neurotoxic and induce apoptosis . - Bacteroidetes phylum can synthesize #Sphingolipids > human epithelial cells > #Ceramides
• [1.56] [#Serine-glycine] 
  - Intraperitoneal administration of L654 over 7 weeks to HFD-fed Ldlr−/− mice resulted in hypocholesterolemic effects and significantly attenuated the progression of #Atherosclerosis. - L654 and other bacterial glycine lipids in feces, liver, and serum were markedly reduced alongside changes in Bacteroidetes relative abundance in HFD-fed mice.
• [1.57] [#Major depressive disorder] 
  - #Actinobacteria were found to be increased, whereas Bacteroidetes were decreased in relation to other phyla, and some studies suggested decreased microbial diversity in MDD patients
• [1.11] 
  - #Multiple Sclerosis > In the paediatric population, an inverse correlation has been observed between the phylum Bacteroidetes and Th17 cells (which are associated with autoimmunity)
• [1.58] 
  - #Low FODMAP diet > an increase in Bacteroidetes, a decrease in #Firmicutes species
• [1.43] [#Clostridium difficile associated disease] [#Administration of Vancomycin] 
  - vancomycin is used for C. difficile (CDI) which is associated with decrease in number of gut microbes like Bacteroidetes, #Fuminococcus, and #Faecalibacterium and increases in #Proteobacteria species.