High Fat Diet {50000130}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Polycystic ovary syndrome] 
  - #Inulin improve gut dysbiosis, lower testosterone, and increase estradiol levels while improving ovarian morphology and weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet
• [1.2] 
  - A high-fat diet promotes an increase of Firmicutes and relative reduction of Bacteroidetes, which in turn alters our energy metabolism by promoting more effective caloric intake and, ultimately, weight gain and obesity.
• [1.3] 
  - The population of #Akkermansia in the gut is negatively modulated by the fat content of the consumed diet.
• [1.4] 
  - High-fat diet and #Obesity are associated with increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes
• [1.5] 
  - #Bacteroidetes has a substrate preference for certain fats.
• [1.6] 
  - A high-fat diet impairs mitochondrial uptake of oxygen into host enterocytes and elevates nitrate in the mucus, which in turn weakens healthy anaerobic gut function. Facultative anaerobes such as the pathobiont #Escherichia coli become dominant, which leads to an overall increase in the amount of #Choline catabolized into the precursor for TMAO.
• - A high-fat diet is associated with the occurrence of microbes that catabolize choline and the accumulation of trimethylamine N-oxide (#TMAO) in the bloodstream, a contributing factor for heart disease.
• [1.7] [#Ruminococcaceae] 
  - HFD > decrease relative abundance of #Verrucomicrobia, #Akkermansia , Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and #Bifidobacteriaceae
• [1.8] [#Prostate cancer] [#Western-style diet] 
  - HFD promoted inflammatory PCa growth. - The expression of Hdc, the gene responsible for #Histamine biosynthesis, and #Histamine levels were upregulated in large prostate tumors of HFD-fed mice, and the number of mast cells increased around the tumor foci. - HFD intake induced gut dysbiosis, resulting in the elevation of serum #Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS increased Hdc expression in PCa.
• [1.9] [#Diabetes Type 2] 
  - HFD caused a decrease in circulating GLP-1 levels, and this was reversed with #Vancomycin treatment
• [#Prediabetes] - microbiota protects against development of #Obesity, #Metabolic syndrome, and pre-diabetic phenotypes by inducing commensal-specific Th17 cells. - High-fat, high-#Sugar diet promoted metabolic disease by depleting Th17-inducing microbes, and recovery of commensal Th17 cells restored protection. - Diet-induced loss of protective Th17 cells was mediated by the presence of #Sugar. - Eliminating #Sugar from high-fat diets protected mice from #Obesity and #Metabolic syndrome in a manner dependent on commensal-specific Th17 cells. - #Sugar and ILC3 promoted outgrowth of #Faecalibaculum rodentium that displaced Th17-inducing microbiota.
• [1.11] 
  - Changes in the anaerobic condition of the gut due to high fat diet causes mitochondrial dysfunction by triggering production of hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondria.
• [1.12] [#Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) reuteri] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - maternal high-fat diet (MHFD) in mice induces gut dysbiosis, social dysfunction, and underlying synaptic plasticity deficits in male offspring. - Post-weaning Limosilactobacillus reuteri treatment increases the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing taxa and rescues MHFD-descendant social deficits.
• [1.13] [#Alzheimer’s disease] [#Amyloid-beta] 
  - high-fat diets and #Obesity are associated with increased risk for developing AD and #Dementia. - the incidence of AD is higher in countries that typically consume high-fat diets as opposed to low-fat diets. - Increased Aβ plaques in the brain after consumption of a high fat diet has been observed in mouse models of amyloidosis. - a high-fat diet can result in an increase in neuroinflammation and decreased performance on AD-related behavior tests.
• [1.14] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - HF diets affect the composition of the gut microbiota limiting SCFAs production. - It reduces the diversity of bacterial strains and the abundance of #Bacteroidetes, promoting the growth of #Firmicutes and #Proteobacteria. - Animal studies confirmed the rise in pro-inflammatory cytokines and plasma #Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with consequent pro-inflammatory signalling induced by NF-kB.
• [1.15] 
  - #Oscillibacter spp. were correlated with decreased colonic epithelial integrity in the context of a high-fat diet in mice
• [1.16] 
  - the levels of #Butyrate and #Propionate show obvious daily oscillations. Moreover, these oscillations are lost under high-fat diets.
• [1.17] 
  - The abundance of #Firmicutes and the ratio of #Firmicutes to #Bacteroidetes increased in mice fed an HFD, but this increase was prevented by dietary #Nitrate.
• [#Fecal Microbiota Transplantation] - fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from mice fed an HFD in the presence, but not absence, of dietary #Nitrate appears sufficient to prevent HFD-induced metabolic derangement and cardiac functional changes without increasing serum NOx concentrations.
• [1.18] 
  - HFD promotes #Firmicutes and reduces #Bacteroidetes, i.e., high #Firmicutes/#Bacteroidetes ratio. - HFD enhances the proportion of #Butyrate-producing bacteria. While elevated #Firmicutes/#Bacteroidetes ratio and #Butyrate-producing bacteria are generally linked to a healthful status
• - #Bifidobacterium pseudolongum supplements decrease plasma #Triglyceride levels in HFD mice
• - Acsm3 is an important enzyme in #Butyrate metabolism, as it activates medium-chain fatty acids towards mitochondrial β-oxidation. - Downregulated Acsm3 in HFD sciatic nerve may potentially be a compensatory mechanism to slow #Butyrate metabolism in attempts to maintain nerve #Butyrate levels
• - (#Lachnospiraceae, #Oscillospiraceae, and #Clostridiaceae) produce #Butyrate and thus also likely contribute to the observed increase in #Butyrate-producing bacteria in HFD mice.
• - HFD microbiota revealed increased abundance of bacteria belonging to #Lachnospiraceae, #Oscillospiraceae, and #Clostridiaceae, families which contain pathogenic bacteria
• [#Diabetes Type 2, #Peripheral neuropathy] [#Sphingomyelin] - #Lactobacillus, #Lachnoclostridium, and #Anaerotruncus taxa variants positively correlated with several lipid species, particularly elevated plasma sphingomyelins and sciatic nerve triglycerides.
• [1.19] [#Diabetes Type 2] [#Dipeptidyl peptidase 4] 
  - microbial DPP4 was mainly produced by #Bacteroides spp. - Gut microbial DPP4 (mDPP4) could degrade active #GLP-1(7-37) in vitro. - mDPP4 could not affect active #GLP-1 levels in chow-fed mice but could decrease active #GLP-1 activity and impair #Glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet (HFD)–fed mice or dextran #Sulfate sodium/indomethacin–treated mice, suggesting that a damaged gut barrier is required for mDPP4 to affect the activity of host #GLP-1. - Gut microbial DPP4 isozyme can impair host #Glucose homeostasis, and variations in microbial DPP4 activities could possibly contribute to the heterogeneous responses to sitagliptin observed among patients with T2D.
• [#Low Fat Diet] - #Gluten, when added to the LFD, increases circulating #C-reactive protein levels. - #Gluten regardless of whether it was added to LFD or HFD led to a profound increase in the number of microglia and astrocytes in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, as detected by immunohistochemistry for ionised calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), respectively.
• [1.21] [#Prostate cancer] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - Gut microbiota-derived SCFAs under high fat diet could promote PCa growth via IGF1 signalings.
• [1.22] [#Colorectal cancer] [#Bile Acids] 
  - 7 non-classic amino acid-conjugated BAs enriched in HFD-fed mice, > microbially modified #Cholic acid derivatives appear restricted to the gut, distinguishing them from host-conjugated BAs. - non-classic amino acid conjugation selectively modulates #Cholic acid signaling via FXR and TGR5, as well as its ability to promote Wnt signaling and intestinal stem cell proliferation, key steps in CRC initiation and progression.
• - non-classic amino acid conjugation of the bile acid #Cholic acid (AA-CA) increased with HFD. - AA-CAs impact intestinal stem cell growth and demonstrate that #Ileibacterium valens and #Ruminococcus gnavus are able to synthesize these AA-CAs.
• [1.23] [#Diabetes Type 2] [#Berberine] 
  - The increase in #Fasting plasma #Glucose, #Fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) caused by HFD feeding decreased after BBR treatmen
• [1.24] 
  - #Akkermansia has demonstrated benefit in preventing high fat diet-induced #Obesity as well as in alleviating #Obesity-related insulin resistance and inflammation. - #Akkermansia has been associated with beneficial changes in gene expression related to adipocyte differentiation and inversely correlated to gene variants associated with body mass index
• [1.25] 
  - #Tyzzerella has been reported to be enriched after 12 weeks of HFD intervention and is positively associated with liver dysfunction-associated parameters.
• [1.26] [#Multiple Sclerosis] 
  - MS > mice on a high-fat diet showed enrichment of bacteria from the #Desulfovibrionaceae family, specifically #Desulfovibrio piger and #Bilophila wadsworthia. - high-fat diet-induced #Obesity increased EAE disease severity in animal models of MS
• [1.27] [#Bilophila wadsworthia] 
  - HFD-induced increase of (B. wadsworthia) which is bile-tolerant was further aggravated by #Silymarin/#Silibinin treatment. - B. wadsworthia was sensitive to the environmental redox changes as the abundance of this bacterium was also found largely increased in vitro upon exposure of #Metformin
• - #Blautia (e.g., ASV24) and #Bilophila (e.g., ASV37) which had been observed with increased abundance upon HFD feeding
• [#Vitamin B12] - B12 supplementation could help alleviate the HFD-induced liver fat accumulation in both rats and germ-free mice
• [1.28] [#Oscillibacter valericigenes] 
  - expansion of O. valericigenes > mice fed a high fat, high #Sugar diet > inflammatory macrophages with a very similar signature in the adipose tissue.
• [1.29] [#Akkermansia muciniphila] 
  - viable A. muciniphila treatment has been found to reverse high-fat-diet-induced metabolic disorders and increase endocannabinoid levels, which control inflammation and secretion of gut peptides.
• - The abundance of other bacterial families decreased on a high-fat diet including Bifidobacteriacaea and Bacteriodacaea, which are commonly associated with leanness.
• [1.31] [#Exercise training, #Western-style diet] 
  - #Desulfovibrio has been found to be increased by a Western style diet and by a high fat diet but decreased by endurance exercise
• [1.32] [#Quinolinic acid] 
  - QA inhibits the increase of #Cholesterol, #TMA, #TMAO, CXCL13, TIMP-1 and HMGB1 levels in peripheral blood of Apoe−/− mice induced by HFD, suggesting that QA can effectively inhibit HFD-induced #Atherosclerosis.
• [#Atherosclerosis] [#Quinolinic acid] - HFD induced weight gain and aortic tissue atherogenesis in Apoe−/− mice, but was inhibited by QA or low-frequency ABX treatment.
• [#Streptococcus danieliae] [#Quinolinic acid] - QA can improve the intestinal flora disorder by reducing the abundance of #Streptococcus danieliae, or promoting the abundance of #Lactobacillus intestinalis and #Ileibacterium valens in HFD-induced Apoe−/− mice.
• [1.33] 
  - #Ruminococcaceae (order Clostridiales) that are prominent producers of #Butyrate, decreased in relative abundance with a high-fat diet. - This decrease is particularly significant because #Ruminococcaceae, making up ≈20% of gut bacteria in chow-fed OSA rats, decreased to ≈10% in high-fat OSA rats . Members of the order Clostridiales, other than #Ruminococcaceae, also significantly decreased with high-fat diet.

References Notes