Disease ⇒ CVD {40000183}

References Notes

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.2] 
  - Choline > Elevated plasma levels of the gut microbe-dependent metabolite TMAO > predict incident risk for CVD development independent of traditional risk factors.
• [1.1] 
  - Meat-based diet > L-carnitine > Gut microbial transformation >intermediate γ-butyrobetaine (γBB) > trimethylamine (TMA) > TMAO
  - Plasma γBB levels in individuals > strongly associated with incident CVD event risks.
  - Emergencia timonensis > metabolize γBB into TMA > complete the carnitine → γBB → TMA transformation > elevate TMAO levels > enhance thrombosis
• [1.3] 
  - Fish > rich in preformed TMAO > greatest impact on circulating TMAO concentrations; however, fish intake is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease
• [1.4] 
  - Prob+BBR superior to BBR or Prob alone in improving postprandial total cholesterol (pTC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (pLDLc) levels with decrement of multiple species of postprandial lipidomic metabolites after 3 months follow-up.
  - This effect was linked to the changes of fecal Bifidobacterium breve level responding to BBR alone or Prob+BBR treatment.
  - Four fadD genes encoding long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase > identified in the genome of this B. breve strain, and transcriptionally activated by BBR.
  - The activation of fadD by BBR could enhance FFA import and mobilization in B. breve and diliminish the intraluminal lipids for absorption to mediate the effect of Prob+BBR on PL.