Disease ⇒ CVD {40000183}

References Notes

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.4] 
  - Choline > Elevated plasma levels of the gut microbe-dependent metabolite #TMAO > predict incident risk for CVD development independent of traditional risk factors.
• [1.1] [#γ-butyrobetaine] 
  - #Meat-based diet > L-carnitine > Gut microbial transformation >intermediate γ-butyrobetaine (γBB) > trimethylamine (TMA) > TMAO - Plasma γBB levels in individuals > strongly associated with incident CVD event risks. - #Emergencia timonensis > metabolize γBB into TMA > complete the carnitine → γBB → TMA transformation > elevate TMAO levels > enhance thrombosis
• [1.5] [#Fish consumption] 
  - Fish > rich in preformed #TMAO > greatest impact on circulating #TMAO concentrations; however, fish intake is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease
• [1.6] [#Diabetes Type 2, #Dyslipidemia, #Postprandial lipidemia] [#Berberine] [#Probiotic] 
  - Prob+BBR superior to BBR or Prob alone in improving postprandial total cholesterol (pTC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (pLDLc) levels with decrement of multiple species of postprandial lipidomic metabolites after 3 months follow-up. - This effect was linked to the changes of fecal #Bifidobacterium breve level responding to BBR alone or Prob+BBR treatment. - Four fadD genes encoding long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase > identified in the genome of this B. breve strain, and transcriptionally activated by BBR. - The activation of fadD by BBR could enhance FFA import and mobilization in B. breve and diliminish the intraluminal lipids for absorption to mediate the effect of Prob+BBR on PL.
• [1.7] [#Reduction of salt intake] 
• [1.8] [#Heart failure, #Hearth attack] 
• [1.2] 
  - #Indoxyl sulfate could promote vascular inflammation.
• [1.9] [#Bile Acids, #Primary bile acids, #Secondary bile acids, #Short Chain Fatty Acid, #TMA, #TMAO]