Bacteroides ⇒ Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron {10000674}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] 
• [1.2] 
  - The latter established a genetic and biochemical basis in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron for the bioactivation of #Broccoli-derived glucosinolates into chemopreventative isothiocyanates
• [1.3] 
  - Inositol, a carbocyclic sugar abundant in eukaryotes, forms the basis for diverse phosphorylated secondary messenger inositol phosphates and #Inositol Lipids. - #Inositol Lipids are ubiquitous in eukaryotes and have finely tuned roles in cellular signalling and membrane homoeostasis. - In Bacteria, however, inositol lipid production is relatively rare. - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT) was reported to produce #Inositol Lipids and sphingolipids (and #Bacteroides ovatus).
• [1.4] 
  - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, #Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminoccous gnavus, #Bacteroides fragilis, and #Bifidobacterium bifidium are predominant bacteria within the mucus layer that utilize #Glycans as their energy source by glycosidase, sulphatase, and sialidase enzymes
• [1.5] [#Multiple Sclerosis] [#Meat-based diet] 
  - Specific feature association analysis identified a potential correlation network linking meat servings with decreased gut microbe B. thetaiotaomicron, increased Th17 cell and greater abundance of meat-associated blood metabolites.
• [1.6] [#Atherosclerosis, #CVD] 
  - gut microbiota-dependent metabolism of dietary #Phenylalanine into #Phenylacetic acid (PAA) is critical in #Phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) production, a metabolite linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). - PPFOR is the main contributor for PAA production in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. - PPDC plays an important role in PAA generation in #Proteus mirabilis. - PPFOR and PPDC contribute to PAA production and PAGln formation in colonized hosts. - Gut microbial ppdc and ppfor homolog abundances are each associated with ASCVD in humans.
• [1.7] [#Pancreatic Cancer] 
  Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) > chemotherapy > microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolite #Indole-3-acetic acid (3-IAA) is enriched in patients who respond to treatment. - Faecal microbiota transplantation, short-term dietary manipulation of tryptophan and oral 3-IAA administration increase the efficacy of chemotherapy in humanized gnotobiotic mouse models of PDAC. - In humans > a significant correlation between the levels of 3-IAA and the efficacy of therapy in two independent PDAC cohorts. - Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) > #Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron produced 3-IAA in vitro were increased in Responder patients.
• [1.8] [#Candida albicans] 
  - strains of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and #Lactobacilli, have been shown to reduce C. albicans colonization of the gut
• [1.9] 
  - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron responded to nutrient limitation and the mammalian gut environment by sequestering a transcription factor within a membraneless compartment. - This molecular condensation increased transcription factor activity and modified the transcription of hundreds of genes, including several promoting gut fitness.
• - Mouse models have shown that B. thetaiotaomicron, which normally degrades #Glycans from plant-based foods, consumes host-derived mucin when diet-derived #Glycans are not available in sufficient quantitites.
• [1.11] [#Bacteroides fragilis] 
  - Some members of the #Bacteroides genus, although belonging to the normal gastrointestinal microbiota, can cause opportunistic infections if the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier is broken. These infections are usually polymicrobial, but B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron are the most frequent species isolated.
• [1.12] [#Bacteroides vulgatus] [#carrot-derived rhamnogalacturonan I] [#Carrot] 
  - cRG-I supplementation (already at an HED of 0.3 g/d) lowered interpersonal compositional differences due to the selective stimulation of taxa that were consistently present among human adults, including OTUs related to #Bacteroides dorei/vulgatus and #Bifidobacterium longum (suspected keystone species), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, #Bifidobacterium adolescentis and #Butyrate-producing taxa such as #Blautia sp., #Anaerobutyricum hallii, and #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.
• [1.13] [#Crohn’s disease] 
  - Colonization of germ-free mice impacted 172 genes related to immune and barrier function, which is in agreement with previous work using mono-colonization with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.
• [1.14] [#Autism] 
  - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was the second most highly elevated microbe when TGF-β was depleted and has been suggested to play a role modulating maternal immune activation-dependent metabolites that are linked to behavorial symptoms
• [1.15] 
  - #Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. theta), have glycoproteases that can degrade the protein core of the mucin domains with shortened #O-Glycans, but it remains unclear if any of these proteases can cleave intact MUC2.
• [1.16] [#Systemic lupus erythematosus] 
  - Patients with SLE produce autoantibodies against Ro60 which is an evolutionarily conserved RNA binding protein, and the antibody against Ro60 is the most common and earliest preclinical anti-nuclear antibody. - bacteria expressing Ro60 orthologs was present in the skin, oral, and gut of both lupus patients and healthy controls. - colonization of germ-free mice with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron containing Ro60 ortholog caused T and B cell responses against human Ro60 and glomerular immune complex deposition
• [1.17] [#Diabetes Type 2] [#Bacteroides ovatus, #Paraclostridium bifermentans] 
  - Various gut bacterial species, like Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, B. ovatus, #Clostridium limosum, and C. bifermentans metabolize amino acid #Tryptophan (Trp) to #Indole. - It helps to secret glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1), which has an important role to increase insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon secretion.
• [1.18] [#Resistant starch] 
  - RS could also be degraded by #Ruminococcus bromii, and #Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and also to a lesser extent by #Eubacterium rectale and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. - in the mixed bacterial and fecal incubations, RS degradation is impossible in the absence of R. bromii
• [1.19] [#Diabetes Type 2] [#Alistipes indistinctus] 
  - Postprandial blood #Glucose levels were particularly reduced in mice administered with A. indistinctus, #Alistipes finegoldii and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron that were fed a high-fat diet. - Insulin tolerance tests also revealed that these strains ameliorated IR, most prominently by A. indistinctus administration. - A. indistinctus administration ameliorated body mass gain, ectopic triglyceride accumulation in the liver and #Glucose intolerance - Serum levels of HDL-C, adiponectin and, to a lesser extent, triglycerides, were also improved in mice that were treated with A. indistinctus. - carbohydrate oxidation was significantly reduced in mice that were treated with A. indistinctus, implying that carbohydrate use is limited. - A. indistinctus administration substantially altered caecal metabolites, characterized by a reduction in several carbohydrates including #Fructose, a lipogenic monosaccharide. - #Fructose was similarly reduced in the serum - The AUC of insulin tolerance test was positively correlated with the caecal monosaccharides #Fructose, #Glucose and #Mannose
• [#Faecalibaculum rodentium] - Several species of Bacteroides and Parasutterella were previously shown to be capable of restoring antitumor responses such as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, #Bacteroides rodentium, and #Parasutterella excrementihominis
• [1.21] [#Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, #Bacteroides ovatus] 
  - Genes involved in #Glycogen storage were significantly upregulated in B. ovatus, B. cellulosyliticus and B. thetaiotaomicron, during intestinal colonization in mice.
• [1.22] [#Akkermansia muciniphila] [#Low fibre Diet] 
  - In the absence of A. muciniphila, the relative abundances of the three other mucin-degrading bacteria, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, #Bacteroides caccae and #Barnesiella intestinihominis, increased in either both dietary groups or in Fibre Free fed mice
• [1.23] [#Respiratory syncytial virus] [#Lipopolysaccharide] 
  - the LPS of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron acts as an adjuvant, enhancing the production of #Hepatitis B virus antigen-specific antibodies. - Bacteroides are resident commensals, acting as major polysaccharide degraders in the gut for butyrate production
• [1.24] [#Major depressive disorder] [#Bacteroides ovatus] 
  - MDD > An enzyme (α-L-arabinofuranosidase) in the GH51 family, encoded by two dominant Bacteroides (B. ovatus V975 and B. thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482)
• [#Major depressive disorder] [#Bacteroides fragilis] - the increased availability of mucin may weaken the mucous layer of the intestinal wall, and some #Bacteroides can degrade mucin during survival, such as B. thetaiotaomicron, B. fragilis, as a result, harmful molecules in MDD are more likely to cross the gut and enter the circulatory or endocrine system
• [#Major depressive disorder] [#Bacteroides ovatus] - #Bacteroides, especially #Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and #Bacteroides ovatus, dedicate about 6% of their genomes to encode these two CAZymes. - These results suggesting that alternations of #Bacteroides species was a hallmark of MDD,
• [1.25] [#Mucin glycans, #Polysaccharide] 
  - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron can switch from digesting dietary #Glycans to mucin #Glycans in the absence of dietary carbohydrates and plant polysaccharides (dietary fiber), enhancing mucosal barrier function and limiting pathogen invasion.
• [1.26] [#High fibre diet] 
  - F_NL had more fiber-degrading microorganisms like Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, #Bacteroides xylanisolvens, #Roseburia sp., #Coprococcus eutactus and #Parabacteroides along with the highest number of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes and gene richness.

References Notes