Disease ⇒ Stroke {40000474}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Reduced SCFAs levels, especially #Acetate, were associated with an increased risk of 90-day poor functional stroke outcomes even after adjustments.
• [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - A lack of SCFAs-producing bacteria and a low fecal SCFAs level defined dysbiosis in AIS patients, especially those with increased stroke severity. The SCFAs levels were negatively correlated with stroke severity and prognosis.
• [1.2] 
  - Stroke increases the permeability of intestinal barriers , alters bacterial composition of the gut, causing gut dysbiosis and promotes seeding of gut bacteria within the lung, spleen, and liver . Such peripheral effects might exert additional effects on the damaged brain, thus hindering recovery.
• [1.3] 
  - Innate and adaptive immune system plays a pivotal role in the evolution of cerebral injury, by actively participating in brain damage development on the one hand, and in tissue repair on the other . - The most known metabolite classes derived from the gut microbiota with immunomodulatory effects are: 1) amino acids and their derivatives; 2) products of microbial fermentation: short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and polyphenols; 3) secondary bile acids; and 4) trimethylamines
• [1.4] 
  - Reduced SCFAs levels, especially #Acetate, were associated with an increased risk of 90-day poor functional outcomes even after adjustments.
• [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - A lack of SCFAs-producing bacteria and a low fecal SCFAs level defined dysbiosis in AIS patients, especially those with increased stroke severity. -The SCFAs levels were negatively correlated with stroke severity and prognosis.
• [1.5] 
  - bacteria with capacity of butyrate production, #Lachnospiraceae and #Ruminococcaceae, were depleted in individuals at a high risk of stroke. Fecal butyrate concentrations also were low in these people
• [1.6] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - SCFAs could promote recovery after stroke by acting on microglia to inhibit their activation
• [1.7] [#Clostridiaceae] 
  - family Clostridiaceae_1 was negatively correlated with stroke risk and ischemic stroke risk.
• [1.8] [#Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs)] 
  - Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) influence long-term prognoses of stroke patients. - #Streptococcus mutans, a major cariogenic bacterium that expresses the collagen-binding protein Cnm, induces cerebrovascular inflammation, impairing blood brain barrier integrity and causing cerebral bleeding.
• [1.9] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - hemorrhagic transformation (HT), a life-threatening stroke complication in MCAO rats, correlated with inflammatory response and serum levels of SCFA. - total SCFA, specifically #Butyrate and #Valeric acid, was significantly lower in HT rats than in non-HT rats.
• [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - ischemic stroke can be effectively treated by transplanting SCFA-rich feces and supplementing it with #Butyric acid. - SCFA can promote post-stroke recovery by altering the recruitment of brain-resident immune cells in the brain.
• - higher concentrations of #Deoxycholic acid (DCA), #Lithocholic acid (LCA), and #Cholic acid (CA) in feces in stroke patients are associated with higher survival after stroke.
• [#Deoxycholic acid] - DCA could improve acute cerebral infarction (ACI) induced nerve damage by inverting the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
• - elevation in inflammation-associated monocytes caused by elevated #TMAO levels can raise the risk of stroke and compromise the severity of stroke.

References Notes