Firmicutes ⇒ Clostridia {10000264}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Clostridia bacteria gene clusters are able to produce #Fatty acid amides (FAAs), which are signaling molecules produced by humans. - FAAs are known to have diverse physiological effects — ranging from immunoregulation to sensing pain to wound healing. - Bacterial enzymes from Clostridia bacteria used diet-derived substrates to produce FAAs that interact with human receptors.
• [1.2] [#P-glycoprotein] 
  - Genera within the Clostridia and Bacilli classes are necessary and sufficient for P-gp induction in the intestinal epithelium in mouse models.
• [1.3] [#Exercise training] 
  - Single bout of exercise > upregulated metabolic pathways of skeletal muscle substrate utilization and carbohydrate metabolites in serum > increased fecal #Ammonia and amino acid metabolites > increased the abundance of Clostridia
• [1.4] [#Leukemia] [#Antibiotic Therapy] 
  - Lukemia >Exposure to antibiotics, in particular piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin (P-I-M), in the 4 weeks before therapy was associated with worse survival and increased neurotoxicity. - Lukemia > species within the class Clostridia that were associated with day 100 complete response to Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy.
• [1.5] [#Autism] 
  - up-regulation was found for some metaproteins associated with Clostridia and with carbohydrate metabolism (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and glutamate dehydrogenases), while down-regulation was observed for others associated with #Bacteroidia
• [1.6] [#Food Allergy] 
  - #Butyrate-producing Clostridia, are depleted in food-allergic individuals. - #Butyrate-containing micelles, used in combination, restore a barrier-protective response in mice treated with either dextran sodium sulfate or antibiotics. Treatment with the micelles protects peanut-allergic mice from an anaphylactic reaction to peanut challenge and rescues their dysbiosis by increasing the abundance of #Clostridium cluster XIVa.
• [1.7] 
  - #Bacteroides fragilis and several Clostridia species have been reported to cause an anti-inflammatory response
• [1.8] [#Human breast milk] 
  - #Phosphatidylserine has implications for brain development in #Infants > induce major shifts in #Bacillota (#Firmicutes): #Bacteroidota (#Bacteroidetes) ratio in human gut microbiomes. - Clostridia and #Veillonella genera > use #Phosphatidylserine as a substrate to catalyse phosphatidylethanolamine and plasmenylethanolamine, both by employing respective phospholipid decarboxylase activities.
• -Clostridia and #Enterobacteriaceae could also be involved in #Phosphatidylcholine metabolism, which decreases the abundance of #Bifidobacterium spp. due to competition for the substrate.
• - Clostridia can metabolise #Cholesterol to #Coprostanol, which escapes hepatic recirculation as it is not reabsorbed by colonocytes.
• [1.9] [#Hypertension] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - normotension group exhibited higher levels of Gram-positive bacteria, such as Clostridia, #Ruminococcaceae, and #Lachnospiraceae, which are mostly SCFA-producing bacteria.
• [#Cancer, #Melanoma] - An #Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-favorable response was characterized by an intestinal microbiome rich in bacteria such as #Oscillospira sp., Clostridia UCG-014, #Lachnospiraceae UCG-010 sp., #Prevotella copri, and a decrease in #Sutterella sp., #Lactobacillales, and #Streptococcus sp. - Patients who developed immune-related adverse events (irAEs) had an overall increased microbial diversity and richness, and a stool microbiome depleted in #Agathobacter.
• [1.11] [#Clostridioides difficile] [#Para-cresol] 
  - p-Cresol is an aromatic derivative of #Tyrosine produced as a catabolite by many members of the gut microbiota, including some #Bifidobacteriaceae, #Enterobacteriaceae, #Clostridiaceae, #Lactobacillaceae, #Coriobacteriaceae, and #Bacteroidaceae. - Clostridia difficile has displayed a particular growth advantage on p-cresol and people with #Autism spectrum disorders often have a gut microbiome that is enriched in Clostridia.
• [1.12] [#High fibre diet] 
  - Both total fibre and specific fruit and vegetable fibre intake, are associated with the relative abundance of bacteria of the Clostridia class in the gut microbiome, especially #Roseburia genus.
• [1.13] [#Clostridioides difficile] 
  - #Succinate can promote the growth of some beneficial bacteria like Clostridia spp. - It also allows harmful bacteria like C. difficile to thrive,
• [1.14] [#Autism] 
  - The increased abundance of Clostridia and #Desulfovibrio and #Bacteroidetes/#Firmicutes ratio were related to the severity of ASD and gastrointestinal symptoms.
• [1.15] [#Estrogen] 
  - Β-glucuronidase activity is found extensively in the gut microbiota, particularly in Clostridia, but also other taxa including #Bacteroides and #Bifidobacteria.

References Notes