Candidalysin {90000284} Record Keys Parent:[ ] Definition:Candidalysin Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:2022-03-18 Specification: [ ]Source: [ ] Meta Information Structural Type:[ ] Functional Type:Cytokine Function:Pro-inflammatory Notes: [ ]Shared Reference Notes [1.1] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] - the colonic mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease > rich genetic diversity of opportunistic #Candida albicans strains. - Among these human-gut-derived isolates, strains with high immune-cell-damaging capacity (HD strains) reflect the disease features of individual patients with #Ulcerative Colitis and aggravated intestinal inflammation in vivo through IL-1β-dependent mechanisms. - Niche-specific inflammatory immunity and interleukin-17A-producing T helper cell (TH17 cell) antifungal responses by HD strains in the gut were dependent on the C. albicans-secreted peptide toxin candidalysin during the transition from a benign commensal to a pathobiont state. [1.2] - #Candida albicans, a common agent of candidiasis, induces #Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) secretion in vitro and angiogenesis in brains and kidneys during systemic infections. - #Candida albicans hyphae (and not yeast cells) increase the FGF-2 response in human endothelial cells. Candidalysin, a toxin secreted exclusively by C. albicans in the hyphal state, is required to induce this response. - in the systemic #Candida albicans infection model, mice treated with FGF-2 exhibit significantly higher mortality rates when compared to untreated mice not given the angiogenic growth factor. [1.3] [#Beta-glucan] - Candidalysin, a peptide toxin secreted by the commensal gut fungus #Candida albicans, was found to enhance alcohol-associated liver disease independent of the β-glucan receptor CLEC7A, and is also associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with #Alcoholic Hepatitis. [1.4] [#Vulvovaginal candidiasis] - Inflammation furthermore depends on proteases and the toxin candidalysin, which not only mediates damage but also directly induces inflammasome-dependent responses of vaginal epithelial cells. [1.5] [#Alzheimer’s disease, #Blood Brain Barrier Integrity] [#Candida albicans] [#Amyloid-beta] - C. albicans enters the mouse brain from the blood and induces two neuroimmune sensing mechanisms involving secreted #Aspartic proteinases (Saps) and candidalysin. - Saps disrupt tight junction proteins of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to permit fungal brain invasion. - Saps also hydrolyze amyloid precursor protein (APP) into amyloid b (Ab)-like peptides that bind to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and promote fungal killing in vitro while candidalysin engages the integrin CD11b (Mac-1) on microglia. [1.6] [#Cancer] - candidalysin, a toxic epithelium-damaging substance produced by #Candida, has been postulated to enhance tumor-promoting immunityReferences Notes[ ]
