Enterobacteriaceae ⇒ Shigella {10000594}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Chronic kidney disease] 
  - #Curcumin > significantly reduced plasma pro-inflammatory mediators (CCL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-4) and lipid peroxidation. - After 6 months of #Curcumin supplementation > significantly lower #Escherichia-Shigella and significantly higher #Lachnoclostridium . - In the last 3 months of supplementation > significantly higher #Lactobacillaceae spp..
• [1.2] [#Alzheimer’s disease] [#Bacteroides fragilis] [#Amyloid-beta] 
  - Presence of #Amyloid deposits was associated with greater abundance of proinflammatory taxa (#Escherichia/Shigella), which were in turn correlated with proinflammatory cytokines, and with reduced abundance of #Eubacterium rectale and B. fragilis, 2 taxa with anti-inflammatory activity
• [1.3] 
  - women with #Endometriosis had elevated #Gardnerella, #Streptococcus, #Escherichia, Shigella, and #Ureoplasma in their cervix and elevated Shigella/#Escherichia in their stool
• [1.4] [#Bipolar disorder, #Major depressive disorder, #Schizophrenia] 
  - MDD and SZ shared higher levels of #Escherichia/Shigella and #Veillonella whereas increased #Megasphaera and lower #Roseburia are common for BD and SZ.
• [1.5] [#Bacteroides-Prevotella group, #Clostridium III] 
  - in neurodegenerative disease > #Streptococcus, Shigella, #Desulfovibrio, Christensenelia, and #Akkermansia muciniphila have the #Putrescine III synthesis pathway and belong to the elevated microbes group.
• - in neurodegenerative disease > The microbes with elevated populations, like #Bilophila, Butryicicoccus, #Alistipes, #Enterococcus, #Lactobacillus, #Streptococcus, Shigella, and #Desulfovibrio, have the metabolic capability to produce #Putrescine majorly by the #Putrescine III biosynthesis pathway.
• - #Desulfovibrio and Shigella showed a high score for the formation of #Butyrate, which is found in an elevated amount in neurodegenerative diseases.
• - in neurodegenerative disease > Shigella, #Lactobacillus, and #Streptococcus are such microbes with elevated populations and the highest PS for the #Putrescine III biosynthetic pathway.
• [1.6] [#Escherichia coli, #Helicobacter pylori, #Shigella flexneri] 
  - Notable genera in the #Proteobacteria are #Escherichia, #Salmonella, Shigella, #Desulfovibrio, and #Helicobacter. Included in the phyla is the #Enterobacteriaceae family, which contains several enteropathogenic bacteria, including Shigella flexneri, #Salmonella typhi, and #Escherichia coli. Other enteric pathogens in this phylum are #Vibrio cholerae and #Helicobacter pylori.
• [1.7] 
  - patients with PD exhibited a significantly high abundance of the intestinal conditional pathogens, such as #Enterococcus, #Escherichia-Shigella, and #Proteus. - The abundance of these pathogens was positively correlated with PD duration and unified #Parkinson’s Disease rating scale (UPDRS) score. - Bacillus and #Escherichia-Shigella secrete #Amyloid protein and promote the occurrence of diseases. - #Amyloid proteins can induce oxidative stress, activate microglia, and release inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 to increase to increase permeability of intestinal epithelial and BBB.
• [#Parkinson’s Disease] - Shigella, a conditional pathogen, can produce endotoxin, promote intestinal inflammation, and damage the CNS in patients with PD.
• [1.8] 
  - the enterotoxigenic #Escherichia coli EatA protease and the homolog from Shigella have been shown to quickly breakdown human MUC2 mucin.
• [1.9] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] 
  - HLA-B27 spondyloarthropathies (SpA) > #Ankylosing spondylitis, #Reactive arthritis, #Psoriatic Arthritis, #Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, #Acute anterior uveitis, and undifferentiated SpA > segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) have been illustrated to be a common culprit in initiating an arthritogenic reaction. - The Th17 response, induced in the mesenteric lymph nodes by dendritic cells, in such patients specifically targets SFB, resulting in a breach in the mucosal barrier. - This is thought to result from cross-reactivity between HLA-B27 and pathogenic surface antigens. - Other enteric gram-negative pathogens, which mimic HLA-B27, associated with SpA and uveitis include Shigella, #Chlamydia and #Yersinia
• [#Human breast milk, #Vaginally delivery] - At 6 weeks postpartum, the composition and structure of gut microbiota of #Cesarean section-delivered (CSD) #Infants differed from those of vaginally delivered (VD) #Infants, with decreased #Bacteroides and #Escherichia-Shigella and increased #Klebsiella, #Veillonella, and #Enterococcus. - At 6 months postpartum, these delivery mode-induced microbial shifts were restored by exclusive breastfeeding, resulting in similar gut microbial profiles between VD and CSD #Infants who were exclusively breastfed and more variable gut microbial profiles between VD and CSD #Infants who were mixed fed.
• [1.11] 
  - all #Oat bran treatments were able to decrease the abundance of #Escherichia–Shigella and increase #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the gut microbiota
• [1.12] [#Akkermansia muciniphila, #Bilophila wadsworthia] [#Vitamin B12] 
  - B12 biosynthesis genes were very common in gut microbes including B. wadsworthia, A. muciniphila, and #Escherichia/Shigella
• - abundance of #Escherichia/Shigella was found increased by both #Silymarin and #Metformin

References Notes