Streptococcus ⇒ Streptococcus salivarius {10000250}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  -Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18 prevented immune activation induced by #Periodontal disease pathogens.
• [1.2] 
  - The oral microbe Streptococcus salivarius was found to be enriched and of concordant strains in the gut and oral microbiome of #Crohn’s disease subjects. This was more likely in CD subjects with higher #Crohn’s disease Activity Index and active disease status (Diarrhoea/abdominal pain/blood-in-stool/fever and fatigue).
• [1.3] [#Infectious diarrhea] 
  - The gut microbiome undergoes a dramatic taxonomic change upon diarrhea’s onset, favoring the proliferation of fast-growing facultative anaerobes. Proteobacteria (mostly #Enterobacteriaceae/E. coli) and Streptococcus (mainly Streptococcus salivarius and #Streptococcus gallolyticus) are most significantly enriched during this early phase
• [1.4] 
  - Several species were enriched during #Pregnancy compared to the postpartum period including Streptococcus salivarius and #Streptococcus parasanguinis. Both species are also prevalent members of the infant gut microbiome
• [1.5] 
  - Oral S. salivarius was found to be enriched and of concordant strains in both intestinal and oral microbiota in #Crohn’s disease patients, and the species diversity of the infected intestine was considerably depleted
• [#Streptococcus agalactiae] - For non-small cell #Lung cancer patients, S. salivarius and S. agalactiae react upon gastrointestinal-derived CD4+ T cells and effectively activate monocytes to secrete higher levels of #IL-6, IL-12 and TNF, or so-called, the Th1- and Th17-skewed cytokines
• [#Primary sclerosing cholangitis] [#Roseomonas mucosa] - Even in the early stages, PSC patients’ stool and mucosa significantly enrich oral pathogenic bacteria such as #Streptococcus, #Veillonella, and #Actinomyces (#Streptococcus salivarius is an independent predictor of liver-related three-year mortality)
• [#Streptococcus mutans, #Streptococcus pneumoniae] - Two-group pheromone-based subsystem BlpRH is the core node coordinating bacteriocin production and integrating signals of competence activation cascade, typically for S. pneumoniae and S. mutans. - Human co-salivary Streptococcus lacks functional BlpRH pairs, the couples bacteriocin production and competence commitment is directly guided by the competence signaling system ComRS, which is the undetermined basis for its optimal adaptation, potentially explaining the high prevalence of S. salivarius in the human GI tract
• - the predominant intestinal Streptococcus species is S. salivarius - It positively adjusts microbiome composition and intestinal immunity, even in healthy individuals. - S. salivarius downregulates NF-κB pathway that triggered by LPS and inhibits peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation in small intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. - S. salivarius’s protective ability to diminish intestinal epithelial inflammation
• [1.6] [#Allergic rhinitis] 
  - The nasal microbiome of patients shows decreased heterogeneity and the increased abundance of one species, Streptococcus salivarius. - This commensal bacterium contributes to AR development, promoting inflammatory cytokine release and morphological changes in the nasal epithelium that are characteristic of AR.
• [1.7] [#Natural ear microbiota] 
  - Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius), a bacterial species which populates the mouth and gut in early neonatal developmentand which is commonly found in the respiratory tract, may have a beneficial influence on the ear microbiome. - The K12 strain of S. salivarius has specifically been recognized as a potential #Probiotic for treating #Otitis Media, due to the ability of this strain to target and suppress pathogenic bacteria in the ear.
• [#Otitis Media] - The production of bacterial peptides known as ‘#Bacteriocins’, which can interfere with growth of other bacteria, makes bacterial strains such as #Lactobacillus salivarius PS7 and S. salivarius 24SMB particularly interesting with regard to their potential for treating middle ear infections
• [1.8] [#Streptococcus gordonii, #Streptococcus mitis, #Streptococcus oralis, #Streptococcus sanguinis] [#Alcohol Consumption] 
  - Several oral microbial species such as #Streptococci S. gordonii, S. mitis, S. oralis, S. salivarius, S. sanguinis, and #Candida yeasts possess the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which metabolizes alcohol to #Acetaldehyde, which is indisputably carcinogenic.
• [#Streptococcus constellatus, #Streptococcus mitis, #Streptococcus oralis, #Streptococcus sanguis] - oral #Streptococci (#Streptococcus intermedius, S. constellatus, S. oralis, S. mitis, S. sanguis, S. salivarius) were the most common isolates from cervical lymph nodes in patients with #Oral cancer. - Among the anaerobic bacteria, #Peptostreptococcus spp. dominated
• [1.9] 
  - Streptococcus salivarius is one of the first commensal microbes to colonize the human oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, and its biosynthesis of RiPPs, called #Salivaricins, has been shown to inhibit the growth of oral pathogens.
• [#Primary immune thrombocytopenia] [#Streptococcus anginosus, #Streptococcus parasanguinis] - #Lactobacillus and #Streptococcus (including S. anginosus, #Streptococcus sp., S. parasanguinis, and S. salivarius) were enriched in ITP patients.

References Notes