Disease ⇒ Periodontal disease {40000225}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  -#Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18 prevented immune activation induced by periodontal disease pathogens.
• [1.2] 
  - Coexisting #Hypertension and periodontal disease > increased #Neisseria and #Solobacterium genera
• [1.3] 
  - #Saccharibacteria species > reduce inflammation and consequential bone loss by modulating host bacterial pathogenicity in a mouse ligature-induced periodontitis model.
• [1.4] [#Chronic periodontitis] 
  - #Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a Gram-negative coccobacillus recognized as a pathogen in periodontitis and infective endocarditis. By producing a toxin (#Leukotoxin A, LtxA) that triggers global hypercitrullination in neutrophils, Aa has been recently linked to #Rheumatoid Arthritis. - Aa has been proposed as a link between periodontitis and autoimmunity in #Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) due to its ability to induce citrullinated autoantigens targeted by anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs).
• [1.5] [#Secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein proline-g] 
  - Secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein proline-glutamine rich 1 (SCPPPQ1), a protein normally produced by the gingival epithelium to mediate its attachment to teeth, was suggested to be bactericidal. - Incubation of #Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontopathogen, with the full-length protein resulted in decrease in bacterial number, formation of aggregates and membrane disruptions.
• [1.6] [#Multiple Sclerosis] [#Porphyromonas gingivalis] [#Lipopolysaccharide] 
  - in periodontitis-diseased tissues, P. gingivalis was present, but not much LPS was evident in tissues. - these bacterial lipids accumulate in structures in blood vessels that can lead to thickening or blockages called atheromas. - in the blood of MS patients, and they found that the bacterial lipid levels were lower in MS patients, a very surprising result. They expected, if anything, that patients with the autoimmune disease would have more lipid present.
• [1.7] 
  - Transplantation of periopathogenic microbiota from the SP patients altered the caecal microbiota and induced low-grade intestinal inflammation in mice. - The abundance of #Porphyromonadaceae and #Fusobacterium, which are co-pathogens in periodontitis and intestinal inflammation was significantly enriched in the gut of the C-SP group. - Interestingly, #Porphyromonadaceae was also enriched in the salivary samples from the humans, revealing the close relationship between the salivary and gut microbiota.
• [1.8] 
• [1.9] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
  - In patients with AD, oral bacteria were detected in brain tissues, and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were also detected.
• - Periodontal disease is more common in individuals with #Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) who have detectable anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). - Citrullination is the conversion of the amino acid arginine into the non-proteinogenic amino acid citrulline. - Patients with RA and periodontal disease experienced repeated oral bacteremias associated with transcriptional signatures of specific monocytes, recently identified in inflamed RA synovia and blood of those with RA flares. - The oral bacteria observed transiently in blood were broadly citrullinated in the mouth, and their in situ citrullinated epitopes were targeted by extensively somatically hypermutated ACPA B Cells encoded by RA blood plasmablasts.
• [1.11] [#Chronic periodontitis] [#Fusobacterium nucleatum] 
  - Chronic oral infection establishes ectopic oral F. nucleatum colonization in the intestine and significantly induces systemic humoral IgG and IgM antibody responses
• [#Fusobacterium nucleatum] - successful periodontitis treatment reduces stool F. nucleatum levels
• [1.12] 
  - Some members of the genera #Porphyromonas, #Prevotella, and #Tannerella are well-known pathogens of the oral cavity, where they can notably cause periodontal disease and dental #Caries.
• [1.13] 
  - The severity of periodontal disease increased the frequency of activated microglia in the brains on day 30 by 36%. - heat-inactivated PD-associated total bacteria and #Klebsiella variicola increased the expression of TNFα, IL-1β, #IL-6, TLR2, and TLR9 in microglial cells. - Incubation of microglia with #Klebsiella variicola increased the Aβ-phagocytosis by 394% and the expression of the phagocytic receptor MSR1 by 33-fold compared to the non-activated cells
• [1.14] [#Treponema socranskii] 
  - The spirochete T. socranskii is known to interact directly with target cells using their endotoxins and degradation products to invade tissues. - This is one of the most abundant spirochetes, found in sites with severe periodontal destruction and associated with periodontal disease. - This species was found in the trigeminal ganglions of patients with #Alzheimer’s disease, indicating that T. socranskii may have access to neuronal axons.
• [#Parkinson’s Disease] [#Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans] - decrease in A. actinomycetemcomitans levels in the PA+PD group
• [1.15] [#Chronic periodontitis] 
  - Dental treatment significantly improved the oral health condition of each group; several months after treatment, oral health did not deteriorate. - even after remission, the salivary microbiome of the two groups (oral disease and healthy) differed significantly. - Oral microbiome dysbiosis persisted even after dental treatment-induced disease remission with a sustained increased risk of disease when compared with healthy participants.
• [1.16] [#Chronic periodontitis, #Polycystic ovary syndrome] 
  - women with PCOS may be more likely to suffer from periodontal diseases.
• [1.17] [#Reactive arthritis, #Rheumatoid Arthritis] [#Prevotella nigrescens] 
  - In a mouse study, P. nigrescens induced periodontal disease, resulting in early-onset severe experimental arthritis
• [#Fusobacterium nucleatum, #Porphyromonas gingivalis, #Prevotella intermedia, #Tannerella forsythia, #Treponema denticola] - P. gingivalis, T. denticola, T. forsythia, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum and #Filifactor alocis are traditionally recognized as major pathogens responsible for periodontal disease

References Notes