Disease ⇒ Periodontal disease {40000225}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  -#Streptococcus salivarius K12 and M18 prevented immune activation induced by periodontal disease pathogens.
• [1.2] 
  - Coexisting #Hypertension and periodontal disease > increased #Neisseria and #Solobacterium genera
• [1.3] 
  - #Saccharibacteria species > reduce inflammation and consequential bone loss by modulating host bacterial pathogenicity in a mouse ligature-induced periodontitis model.
• [1.4] [#Chronic periodontitis] 
  - #Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is a Gram-negative coccobacillus recognized as a pathogen in periodontitis and infective endocarditis. By producing a toxin (#Leukotoxin A, LtxA) that triggers global hypercitrullination in neutrophils, Aa has been recently linked to #Rheumatoid Arthritis. - Aa has been proposed as a link between periodontitis and autoimmunity in #Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) due to its ability to induce citrullinated autoantigens targeted by anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs).
• [1.5] [#Secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein proline-g] 
  - Secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein proline-glutamine rich 1 (SCPPPQ1), a protein normally produced by the gingival epithelium to mediate its attachment to teeth, was suggested to be bactericidal. - Incubation of #Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontopathogen, with the full-length protein resulted in decrease in bacterial number, formation of aggregates and membrane disruptions.
• [1.6] [#Multiple Sclerosis] [#Porphyromonas gingivalis] [#Lipopolysaccharide] 
  - in periodontitis-diseased tissues, P. gingivalis was present, but not much LPS was evident in tissues. - these bacterial lipids accumulate in structures in blood vessels that can lead to thickening or blockages called atheromas. - in the blood of MS patients, and they found that the bacterial lipid levels were lower in MS patients, a very surprising result. They expected, if anything, that patients with the autoimmune disease would have more lipid present.
• [1.7] 
  - Transplantation of periopathogenic microbiota from the SP patients altered the caecal microbiota and induced low-grade intestinal inflammation in mice. - The abundance of #Porphyromonadaceae and #Fusobacterium, which are co-pathogens in periodontitis and intestinal inflammation was significantly enriched in the gut of the C-SP group. - Interestingly, #Porphyromonadaceae was also enriched in the salivary samples from the humans, revealing the close relationship between the salivary and gut microbiota.
• [1.8] 
• [1.9] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
  - In patients with AD, oral bacteria were detected in brain tissues, and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were also detected.
• - Periodontal disease is more common in individuals with #Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) who have detectable anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). - Citrullination is the conversion of the amino acid arginine into the non-proteinogenic amino acid citrulline. - Patients with RA and periodontal disease experienced repeated oral bacteremias associated with transcriptional signatures of specific monocytes, recently identified in inflamed RA synovia and blood of those with RA flares. - The oral bacteria observed transiently in blood were broadly citrullinated in the mouth, and their in situ citrullinated epitopes were targeted by extensively somatically hypermutated ACPA B Cells encoded by RA blood plasmablasts.
• [1.11] [#Chronic periodontitis] [#Fusobacterium nucleatum] 
  - Chronic oral infection establishes ectopic oral F. nucleatum colonization in the intestine and significantly induces systemic humoral IgG and IgM antibody responses
• [#Fusobacterium nucleatum] - successful periodontitis treatment reduces stool F. nucleatum levels

References Notes