Disease ⇒ Biliary atresia {40000456}

Shared Notes

• [1.2] 
  - Butyrate administration to mothers > renders newborn mice resistant to inflammation and injury of bile ducts > improves survival.
  - Bacteroidetes and Clostridia and increases glutamate/glutamine and hypoxanthine in stool metabolites of newborn mice > prevention of hepatic immune cell activation and survival.
  - In human neonates with biliary atresia, the fecal microbiome signature of these bacteria is under-represented, with suppression of glutamate/glutamine and increased hypoxanthine pathways.
  - The direct administration of butyrate or glutamine to newborn mice attenuates the disease phenotype, but only glutamine renders bile duct epithelial cells resistant to cytotoxicity by natural killer cells.