Disease ⇒ Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder {40000355}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - The ADHD group showed significantly lower concentrations of fecal #Acetate and #Butyrate
• - higher abundance of three genera (#Agathobacter, #Anaerostipes, and #Lachnospira) and decreased levels of TNF-α in the ADHD
• - oral #Probiotic #Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bf-688) improves the clinical symptoms of ADHD.
• - #Lactobacillus acidophilus and #Bifidobacterium improve the self-control and attention of #Children with ADHD
• - #Lactobacillus and #Bifidobacterium producers of #GABA, which is known to decrease in patients with ADHD > Ameliorate ADHD
• - #Bifidobacterium was increased in patients with ADHD, which was linked with the enzyme involved in the #Dopamine precursor (#Phenylalanine) synthesis
• [#Faecalibacterium prausnitzii] - F. prausnitzii may reduce neuroinflammation and alleviate ADHD symptoms. - F. prausnitzii exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreasing inflammatory cytokines that promote neuroinflammation and development of ADHD.
• - #Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG decreases the risk of developing ADHD
• [1.2] 
  - #Bacteroides reportedly correlate with levels of hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD
• [#Dopamine] - #Bifidobacterium also participates in the DA neural reward system, suggesting that #Bifidobacterium is a potential biomarker for ADHD
• - #Bifidobacterium produces gamma-aminobutyric acid (#GABA), which is the primary repressive neurotransmitter in the human cerebral cortex. - #GABA levels in #Children with ADHD is reportedly low and negatively correlated with impulsive behavior
• [#Dopamine] [#Keto diet] - KD could relieve behavioral symptoms of ADHD in SHR, increase neurotransmitter expression, and increase protein expression of DA-related genes (DRD1, DAT, PKA, DARPP32, and cAMP).
• - S-adenosyl-L-#Methionine supplementation significantly improves ADHD
• - DL-#Phenylalanine supplementation have a significant improvement in mood and mood lability in #Adult hyperactivity
• - #Sugar restriction alone does not improve ADHD
• [1.3] [#Autism] 
  - #Akkermansia muciniphila was absent in ABIS #Infants later diagnosed with ASD or comorbid ASD/ADHD and inversely correlated with GI and mood symptoms in early childhood. - Akkermansia was not associated with future ADHD, suggesting that disruptions in mucin health have a more robust connection to ASD.
• [#Autism] - The presence of strains related to #Salmonella and #Citrobacter, labeled in this investigation as SREB, was significantly higher in #Infants who later developed comorbid ASD/ADHD (21%), compared to control
• [1.4] 
  - the ADHD group displayed a significantly higher abundance of #Ascomycota and a significantly lower abundance of #Basidiomycota than the healthy control group.
• [#Candida tropicalis] - The abundance of Candida (especially #Candida albicans and and C. tropicalis was significantly increased in ADHD patients compared to the healthy controls. - C. albicans secretions significantly enhanced the permeability of Caco-2 cells.

References Notes