Disease ⇒ Constipation {40000270}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Consumption of Magnesium oxid] 
  - Mg2+ oxide > Decrease in stool consistency and suppressed presence of the genus #Dialister
• [1.2] [#Parkinson’s Disease] 
  - #Tryptophan, an essential amino acid only derived from microbiome or diet, is the rate limiting precursor to #Serotonin. #Tryptophan biosynthesis pathway was reduced in PD. - spore forming bacteria modulate #Serotonin production and enhance gut motility - constipation, a common symptom of PD, may be related to the depletion of spore forming bacteria.
• [1.3] [#Serotonin, #Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - gut microbiota may promote the development of functional constipation through microbial metabolites, including #Bile Acids, SCFAs, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and #Methane.
• [1.4] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
  - constipation significantly correlated with a steeper decline in cognitive function and greater increase in DWML volume in patients with AD and aMCI. - higher level of serum #Homocysteine was observed in those with constipation. - patients with constipation experienced cognitive decline at a rate over twice that experienced by patients without constipation.
• - constipation may not be a necessary condition for steeper cognitive decline. Rather, a condition without constipation may support a relatively slow decline in #Cognitive impairment.
• - constipation could trigger structural changes in the microbiome and conversely, alteration of microbiome was reported to induce constipation.
• [1.5] [#Irritable bowel syndrome] 
  - #Gastroparesis (delayed stomach emptying), #Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and constipation were associated with over double the risk of #Parkinson’s Disease in the 5 years preceding the diagnosis, while IBS without #Diarrhea was associated with a 17 per cent higher risk
• [1.6] [#Parkinson’s Disease] [#Roseomonas mucosa] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - constipation severity is significantly correlated with the decrease of #Blautia and #Faecalibacterium, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing taxa that can exert positive effects on the intestinal mucosa and which are decreased in PD.
• [#Parkinson’s Disease] - A previous study showed that constipation is lowest and subthreshold parkinsonism is least frequent in individuals with the #Prevotella-enriched enterotype
• [#Parkinson’s Disease] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - SCFAs can promote gastrointestinal motility and regulate the function of the enteric nervous system, which is why a reduction of SCFAs might contribute to the development of gastrointestinal motility disorders such as constipation in PD
• [1.7] [#Parkinson’s Disease] 
  - A decreased abundance of #Prevotella spp. is also associated with constipation, a condition that precedes motor symptoms in PD patients by up to 20 years
• [1.8] [#Cognitive impairment] 
  - Compared to those with BM once daily, participants with BM frequency every 3+ days had significantly worse objective cognitive function, equivalent to 3.0 years of chronological cognitive #Aging.
• - #Butyrate-producing microbial species were depleted in those with less frequent Bowel Movement and worse cognition, while a higher abundance of pro-inflammatory species was associated with BM frequency of ≥twice/day and worse cognition.
• [1.9] [#Diabetes Type 2, #Gallstone Disease, #Kidney stone, #Urinary stone disease] 
  - #Eggerthella, #Flavonifractor, and #Ruminococcus spp., all of which were enriched in SF, have recently been suggested as general disease-associated signatures (shared across type 2 diabetes, diarrhoea and constipation, mental disorders, and gallstones)
• [#Irritable bowel syndrome] - #Serotonin levels are increased in both patients with #Diarrhea predominant and constipation predominant IBS. - increased levels of 5-HT in patients with #Diarrhea predominant IBS in both fasting and fed conditions, whereas patients with constipation predominant IBS did not show increased levels of 5-HT after meal ingestion.
• [1.11] 
  - Headaches and migraines > taking drugs to block #CGRP or its receptor RAMP1 > blocking this pathway could lead to gut barrier problems, including mucus production and potentially also microbiome problems. - It is already known that blocking #CGRP can lead to constipation in the gut.

References Notes