Ghrelin {90000339} Record Keys Parent:[ ] Definition:Ghrelin Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:[ ] Specification: [ ]Source: [ ] Meta Information Structural Type:[ ] Functional Type:Hormon Function:[ ] Notes: Elevated Ghrelin levels- This makes you eat more & creates a situation of insulin resistance & imbalancing estrogen metabolismShared Reference Notes [1.1] [#Parkinson’s Disease] [#Lactobacillus] - most PD patients (about 70% of patients) develop gastrointestinal disorders such as constipation, dysphagia, and gastroesophageal reflux. Strikingly, these gastrointestinal dysfunctions (particularly constipation and delayed gastric emptying) can be detected up to 20 years prior to PD diagnosis. - reduction in their number of #Prevotellaceae bacteria compared to controls. Strikingly, this alteration was associated with the severity of the motor symptoms. - PD patients may exhibit not only a decreased abundance of Prevotella but also an increased abundance of Lactobacilliceae. - These alterations may be associated with reduced levels of ghrelin, an important gut hormone involved in the survival and efficacy of dopaminergic neurons. [1.2] - Elevated cortisol levels in the blood (which can be driven by ACTH production), rather than greater ACTH levels in the brain itself, are responsible for inducing ghrelin production. - specific gut microbes and microbial metabolites can regulate ghrelinergic activity [1.3] [#Obesity] - Endogenous #Acetate turnover was 30% higher in lean versus obese subjects, and increased plasma #Acetate turnover did not contribute to increased GSIS or ghrelin secretion in either group [#Obesity] - gut microbiota exposed to high-calorie nutrients raise #Acetate levels in the animal, which activates the parasympathetic nervous system. - This increases ghrelin and #Glucose-stimulated insulin system (GSIS) secretion, which promotes appetite for high-calorie foods, resulting in a positive feedback cycle.References Notes[ ]
