MetaBiom
Microbiome & Chronic Diseases

Evidence Based Medicine

Crohn's disease {40000108}

Record Keys
Definition:
Crohn's disease
Class:[  ]

Details
Other Terms:
Regional Enteritis, Granulomatous Ileitis, Granulomatous Ileocolitis
Initialisation date:
2019-05-15

Links

Meta Information
ICD:[  ]
Category:
Gastroenterology
MedDra ID:
10011401
MedDra Level:
pt

Notes

- Fucose (type of Sugar) > 1,2-propanediol > AIEC (type of E. Coli) > Propionate > Inflamation of Gut wall
- Reducing of Fucose ( type of Sugar) may ameliorate the Inflammation of Crohn's disease.

- In Crohn’s disease, there is increased abundance for degradation of glycosaminoglycans and B-vitamin biosynthesis.
- There is a decrease in abundance of methanogenesis , antimicrobial peptide response , and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis. (1)

- Prior use of antibiotics is associated with a nearly 2 times increased risk of developing IBD compared with no prior use. (2)

- Patients with Crohn's disease has significantly higher levels of the fungus Candida tropicalis and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens than their healthy relatives.
-These three organisms interacted in a strategic way to form robust, pathogenic biofilms capable of driving intestinal inflammation (4)

- Electron microscopy showed that E. coli fuse to the C. tropicalis growths. Meanwhile S. marcescens make protein strings that somehow stabilize the biofilm. (5)

- Patients with Crohn NULLs disease showed significantly higher levels of the fungus Candida tropicalis and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens than their healthy relatives. Further in vitro studies showed that these three organisms interacted "in a strategic way" to form robust, pathogenic biofilms capable of driving intestinal inflammation. (6)

- Patients with Crohn's disease showed significantly higher levels of the fungus Candida tropicalis and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens than their healthy relatives. Further in vitro studies showed that these three organisms interacted "in a strategic way" to form robust, pathogenic biofilms capable of driving intestinal inflammation. (13)


Shared Notes

  • [1.41] 
    - The microbiome in the inflamed and proximal noninflamed ileal mucosa do not differ according to alpha diversity or beta diversity.
  • [1.55] 
    - Significantly lower abundances of Coprococcus in CD, Dialister in MS, and Roseburia in RA.
  • [1.25] 
    - Adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) are enriched in the intestinal microbiota of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and promote intestinal inflammation.
  • [1.56] 
    - Comprehensive overview of functional dysbiosis in the gut microbiome during IBD activity showed increases in facultative anaerobes, such as E. coli which correlates with inflammation status, and decreases in obligate anaerobes, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia hominis
    -The results of the present study confirmed decreases in the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, increases in Enterobacteriaceae, Pasteurellaceae, and Veillonellaceae and the presence of Fusobacterium in stool samples of CD patients.
    - Butyrate-producing bacteria are depleted in IBD patients, and probiotic treatment with these bacteria has therapeutic potential.
    - A higher proportion of Lachnospiraceae in donor stool was associated with a higher success rate of FMT [85], and recipients that responded to FMT exhibited increases in butyrate-producing Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae.
    - The reduced SCFA levels in patients with IBD result from lower abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, especially those of the phylum Firmicutes.
  • [1.24] 
    - Debaryomyces hansenii preferentially localized to and was abundant within incompletely healed intestinal wounds of mice and inflamed mucosal tissues of CD human subjects.
    - D. hansenii cultures from injured mice and inflamed CD tissues impaired colonic healing when introduced into injured conventionally raised or gnotobiotic mice.
    - Mechanistically, D. hansenii impaired mucosal healing through the myeloid cell–specific type 1 interferon–CCL5 axis.
  • [1.57] 
    - Long-term intake of fibers from fruit has been shown to be protective against the development of CD, but not of UC
  • [1.58] 
    - The oral microbe Streptococcus salivarius was found to be enriched and of concordant strains in the gut and oral microbiome of Crohn’s disease subjects. This was more likely in CD subjects with higher Crohn’s Disease Activity Index and active disease status (Diarrhoea/abdominal pain/blood-in-stool/fever and fatigue).
  • - Gut species found to be significantly depleted in CD compared to control include: Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , Roseburia inulinivorans and Alistipes senegalensis.
    - While Clostridium nexile and Ruminococcus gnavuswere found to be enriched.
  • - Microbial arginine and isoprene pathways were found at a higher relative abundance level in gut microbiome of Crohn’s disease.
  • [1.59] 
    - Bacteroides vulgatus is both directly associated with Th17 immunity and has a higher abundance in active CD relative to non-IBD controls.
    - The increase of Bacteroides vulgatus abundance in active CD can induce more Th17 cells that in turn might worsen IBD inflammation.
  • [1.60] 
    - Adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC), > prevalent in up to half the individuals with Crohn’s Disease (CD)
    - Among the genes related to AIEC pathogenicity, fim has the potential to generate an inflammatory reaction from the intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages, as it interacts with TLR4, inducing the production of inflammatory cytokines independently of LPS.
  • [1.61] 
    - Probiotic treatment with butyrate-producing bacteria has therapeutic potential since these bacteria are depleted in IBD patients and butyrate has beneficial effects on epithelial barrier function and overall gut health.
  • [1.62] 
    - the aggregated relative abundance of Klebsiella species was significantly higher in patients with Crohn NULLs disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis when compared with healthy controls. In addition, several genes that have been previously reported to be increased in the faecal microbiomes of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases -genes that include hemolysin-coregulated protein and enzymes involved in fructose-, galactitol-, mannose-, and long-chain fatty acid-related uptake and metabolic pathways- were enriched in most faecal samples of the patients with inflammatory disease who carried Klebsiella species.
    - The common skin resident fungus Malassezia restricta, is also linked to the presence of an IBD-associated polymorphism in the gene for CARD9, a signaling adaptor important for anti-fungal defense. M. restricta elicits innate inflammatory responses largely through CARD9 and is recognized by Crohn NULLs disease patient anti-fungal antibodies. This yeast elicits strong inflammatory cytokine production from innate cells harboring the IBD-linked polymorphism in CARD9 and exacerbates colitis via CARD9 in mouse models of disease.
  • [1.63] 
    - Notably, taxonomic perturbations during dysbiosis mirrored those previously observed cross-sectionally in IBD6, such as the depletion of obligate anaerobes including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia hominis in CD and the enrichment of facultative anaerobes such as E. coli.
    - depletion of obligate anaerobes including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia hominis in CD and the enrichment of facultative anaerobes such as E. coli.
    - The reduction in butyrate in particular is consistent with the previously observed depletion of butyrate producers such as F. prausnitzii and R. hominis, which was also observed here.- depletion of obligate anaerobes including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia hominis in CD and the enrichment of facultative anaerobes such as E. coli
    - The reduction in butyrate in particular is consistent with the previously observed depletion of butyrate producers such as F. prausnitzii and R. hominis, which was also observed here.

Common References